External links

right • left • lingula • apex • base • root • cardiac notch • cardiac impression • hilum • borders (anterior, posterior, inferior) • surfaces (costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic) • fissures (oblique, horizontal)

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleura

Additional images

The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleura

Diseases

Diseases involving the pleura include:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleura

External links

Hard Eight • Boogie Nights • Magnolia • Punch-Drunk Love • There Will Be Blood

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Awards

2000 Academy Awards

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Documentary

The Magnolia DVD includes a lengthy behind-the-scenes documentary, That Moment. It uses a fly-on-the-wall approach to cover nearly every aspect of production, from production management and scheduling to music direction to special effects. As Magnolia is arguably Paul Thomas Anderson's most ambitious work to date, the behind-the-scenes documentary is also an in-depth look into his motivation and directing style. Pre-production included a screening of the film Network, as well as Ordinary People. Several scenes showed Anderson at odds with the child actors and labor laws that restrict their work time. The character of Dixon has further scenes filmed but, from Anderson's reactions, appear not to be working. These scenes were cut completely and have never been shown on DVD.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Music and soundtracks

Paul Thomas Anderson has stated that the screenplay was written largely around the songs of Aimee Mann.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Script vs. final cut

A published version of the shooting script (Newmarket Press, 2001, ISBN 1-55704-406-6) indicates that there was substantial additional material to be incorporated into the film which did not make the final cut. In particular, the character of Dixon, the boy Jim Kurring met while investigating the shots in the first act, returns in a scene in the diner near where Donnie and Jim return the money, with his father (the Worm) in an extended dialogue exchange which indicates that Worm's father is abusive toward both Dixon and himself.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Themes

Magnolia is a thematically rich film. Many essays and other writings have been composed on it. Some themes that are often associated with the film include:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Raining Frogs & Exodus 8:2

The movie has an underlying theme of Fortean unexplained events, taken from the 1920s and 1930s works of American intellectual Charles Fort. Fortean author Loren Coleman has written a chapter about this motion picture, entitled "The Teleporting Animals and Magnolia," in one of his recent books. [2]The film has many hidden Fortean themes. The fall of frogs is merely one of them. One of Charles Fort's books is visible on the table in the library and there is an end credit thanking Charles Fort. [ISBN 1-416527-36-2 Mysterious America']

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

Overview

Magnolia starts with an introduction describing three events that set the mood for the movie by urging the audience to think about supposed coincidences which occur "all the time." The events, which are well-known urban legends, are:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia_%28film%29

External links

A-Z of films • Academy Awards • Actors • Animators • Box office • Cinematographers • Critics • Directors • Editors • Festivals • Film series • Golden Globes • Hollywood • Movie theatres • Producers • Production companies • Score composers • Screenwriters  • Silent films • Studios • Stunt performers • AFI 100 Years

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award

Award categories

Motion picture awards: Exclusively awarded until 1956

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award

History

The first Golden Globes Awards were held in 1954 at the 20th Century Fox studios. It has since been held annually, at various locations throughout the next decade, notably the Beverly Hills Hotel, Hollywood Knickerbocker Club and the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. It was during the early stages of the 1950s that the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish a special award that recognizes outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. To give importance to the award and recognize its subject as an international figure in the entertainment industry the award was presented to Cecil B. DeMille in 1952, the official name of the award thus became the Cecil B. DeMille Award. The award was then first presented to Walt Disney the following year.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award

Miscellaneous

In April 2005, Cruise began dating Katie Holmes. This very public love affair took a dramatic turn when Cruise and Holmes got engaged in Paris[71] while on a world publicity tour for their two most recent movies (War of the Worlds for Cruise; Batman Begins for Holmes). War of the Worlds director Steven Spielberg stated that he was frustrated by media coverage of Cruise's relationship during promotion of the film, though he believed it to be genuine.[72] On October 5, 2005, People magazine reported that Holmes was pregnant.[73] Cruise came under fire from various medical professionals after he allegedly bought a sonogram machine to monitor the fetus at home.[74] The American College of Radiology claims that overuse or misuse of the medical equipment is unnecessary and could be harmful to fetal health, and that it may be illegal to own: it apparently was still legal.[75] On May 4, 2006 the California Assembly passed a bill to ban distribution of ultrasound machines to non-licensed practitioners, though the law must still go through the Senate and could not be retroactive in effect.[76] On April 18, 2006 Holmes gave birth to a baby girl, which they named Suri. Suri is the first child for Holmes and the third child for Cruise who had adopted two children with Nicole Kidman:[2] Connor Antony (born January 17, 1995) and Isabella Jane (born December 22, 1992).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Publicist

Cruise's more open attitude to Scientology has been attributed to the departure of his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, in March 2004. He replaced her with his sister, fellow Scientologist Lee Anne DeVette, who served in that role until November 2005.[67] He then demoted his sister and replaced her with veteran publicist Paul Bloch, from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan. Such restructuring is seen as a move to curtail publicity about his Scientology views, as well as the hard-sell of his relationship with Katie Holmes backfiring with the public.[68][69] DeVette explained that it was her decision to work on philanthropic projects rather than publicity.[70]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

<i>Trapped in the Closet</i>

In 2005, the television show South Park provoked controversy with "Trapped in the Closet", an episode that satirized Scientology and the long-standing rumors regarding Cruise being a closeted homosexual. In the episode, Cruise becomes depressed and locks himself in a closet, after Stan Marsh (one of the main child characters in the series) tells Cruise (who has been told that Stan is the reincarnation of L. Ron Hubbard) that he considers Jon Heder to be a better actor than Cruise. As Cruise hides in the closet, depressed at the thought that L. Ron Hubbard doesn't like his work as an actor, several characters make numerous "come out of the closet" jokes. The show also has Nicole Kidman (Cruise's ex-wife) attempt to get Tom to "come out of the closet", telling him that Katie Holmes won't think any less of him and that she doesn't think any worse of him either. Meanwhile John Travolta (also the subject of rumors regarding possible homosexuality) and R. Kelly (who had just recorded a series of music videos called "Trapped in the Closet", regarding a man hiding in the closet of a woman he had a one-night stand with) also join Cruise in the closet, to hide after Cruise tells the two how comfortable a hiding spot Stan's closet is.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Parodies

As noted, the scene has been parodied numerous times, including:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Jumping the couch

Cruise has made several expressions of his feelings for Holmes to the media, most notably the "couch incident" which took place on the popular talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show of May 23, 2005. In that instance, Cruise "jumped around the set, hopped onto a couch, fell rapturously to one knee and repeatedly professed his love for his new girlfriend."[54] This scene has been parodied in numerous venues in film (Scary Movie 4), on TV (Family Guy, Hannah Montana). The "couch incident" was voted #1 of 2005's "Most Surprising Television Moments" on a countdown on E!.[55]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Scientology

Study Tech · Auditing · Disconnection

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Katie Holmes

In April 2005, Cruise began dating Katie Holmes, before announcing on 17 June 2005 that he had proposed to her at the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.[29] She accepted his proposal, and the couple married in Bracciano, Italy on November 18, 2006.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Penélope Cruz

Cruise was next romantically linked with Penélope Cruz, the lead actress in his film Vanilla Sky. In March 2004, he announced that their relationship had ended in January.[28]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Nicole Kidman

Cruise met Nicole Kidman on the set of their film Days of Thunder. The couple married on December 24, 1990 and divorced on August 8, 2001.[2] He and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella (born 1993) and Connor (born 1995).[2] They separated when Kidman was three months pregnant, just shy of their tenth wedding anniversary; she later miscarried.[27]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise

Mimi Rogers

Cruise was married to Mimi Rogers (married on May 9, 1987, divorced February 4, 1990).[2] Rogers is generally believed to be the one who introduced Cruise to Scientology.[26]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise